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Would you like to switch to our Latino edition Yes Yes Yes Yes Ja Yes Oui YesSim YesSi Yes. Pakistan culture Evolution, transformation mutation Blogs. Pakistan Ideology. A term first used during the military regime of Field Martial Ayub Khan in 1. Ayub had taken over power in a military coup in 1. In 1. 96. 2 he introduced a new constitution. The government described the constitution as an encapsulation of the vision and ideology of Pakistans founder Mohammad Ali Jinnah. This vision according to the government was about building Pakistan with the help of a strong centralised state and government a robust economy based on rapid industrialisation and the modernisation of agriculture the promotion of a united culture driven by the progressive notions of Islam, the modern sciences and technologies. The right wing Jamat i Islami JI and the centre right Muslim League Council an opposing faction of the Muslim League that was being headed by Ayub, accused Ayub of introducing overtly secular policies. The Council Leagues member, Chaudhry Khaliquzzaman, told the then parliament that policies should be devised according to the dictates of the Pakistan Ideology. He didnt mention exactly what these dictates were, or for that matter, what was Pakistan Ideology because the founders had not used this term. The JI echoed the aged Chaudhrys proclamations. It described Pakistan Ideology to mean a country that was inspired and driven by the Islamic character of the Pakistan society and an idea that eschews secular and westernised influences in the country and replaces them with an Islamic culture and an Islamised polity. The Ayub regime rejected the JIs notion of Pakistan Ideology as being retrogressive and a way to snatch power by the clergy. In the late 1. 96. Ayub was facing a widespread protest movement that was being led by leftist parties and student groups against his alleged capitalist cronyism and authoritarianism, some intellectuals belonging to the left liberal and populist Pakistan Peoples Party PPP claimed that Jinnahs vision foresaw a Pakistan that was multicultural, progressive, democratic and driven by a socialist economy. During the short General Yahya Khan dictatorship 1. Watch Deux Jours A Tuer Online Free 2016 here. Pakistan Ideology to simply mean Jinnahs Two Nation Theory that was behind the creation of a separate Muslim majority state in South Asia. But after a brutal civil war in the eastern wing of the country former East Pakistan saw the wing breakaway and become Bangladesh December 1. PPPs chairman, ZA Bhutto, invited a wide range of historians and intellectuals from both the left and right sides of the divide to debate and churn out a state ideology that would help the rest of the country and its various ethnic groups remain intact as an ideological whole. This exercise culminated in 1. Pakistan and those who demanded that it evolve into becoming an Islamic state. So in the 1. Pakistan Ideology came to mean the enactment of a state, government and society whose progressive and plural tenor was inspired by the egalitarian and unifying notions of Islam. The ideology also envisioned a strong and sturdy state that would strive to outpace India and other enemies in the fields of economy and military defence. In the late 1. 97. Bhutto saw himself pressed by a protest movement by a large alliance of religious and right wing parties who accused his government of being un Islamic, authoritarian and decadent, his religious opponents claimed that they alone could implement the true Pakistan Ideology. This true Pakistan Ideology eventually became a project of the General Ziaul Haq dictatorship. He toppled the Bhutto regime in July 1. During his 1. 1 year rule, Zia remoulded the concept of the Pakistan Ideology and turned it into a dogma that explained Pakistan as a unique emergence in the Muslim world that was conceived to become a bastion of faith and an Islamic state driven entirely by divine laws. What made it a dogma that was aggressively proliferated through school textbooks and propaganda, was that it refused to recognise the multi ethnic and multi sectarian make up of the country and instead, offered a rather convoluted, rigid and artificial understanding of the faith. This ended up promoting inelastic and entirely myopic strands of the faith, pushing them from the fringes of society into the mainstream and in the process, retarding the natural evolution of Pakistans multicultural ethos and polity. It also ended up offending various Muslim sects and sub sects, creating serious sectarian tensions. It alienated the minorities as well. Current status The Pakistan Ideology project reached its limit during the Zia regime. The shape that it finally took was so inflexible that it could not adapt to the rapid political changes that followed after the end of the Cold War 1. It can thus be suggested that the project is now facing extinction not only due to the fact that it stopped evolving, but also because Pakistan ruling and military establishments and intelligentsia are now trying to replace it with a thinking that would directly challenge the doctrinal rigidity and the political and cultural isolation the so called ideology ended up promoting and encouraging. The Pakistan Culture. What is Pakistani culture After 6. Instead, much of the effort in this context has gone into determining and then advocating what should be as opposed to what is Pakistani culture. But there have been exceptions. Over the years, some truly remarkable intellectual exercises have taken place to study what is andor should constitute Pakistani culture. Pakistan was spun into a reality in 1. Muslims of India as being a separate cultural and political entity in the region. The left and liberal supporters of the countrys founder, Mohammad Ali Jinnah, understood his separatist impulse as an attempt to create a Muslim majority country that would inherently negate the environment of communal strife that had engulfed India at the time. To the liberals and those on the left, Jinnah had envisioned a separate country as being a haven of communal harmony because it would have a majority that was once a persecuted minority in India. This way theoretically, Pakistan was more likely to eschew and escape the historical and political currents that had plunged India into a riotous religious and communal whirlpool. But whereas the liberals and those on the left saw the separatist aspect behind the movement that created Pakistan as a purely political manoeuvre to rescue Indias Muslim minority from the rising tide of communal strife in pre partition India, those on the right understood it in more theological terms They understood the creation of Pakistan as being the first step to enact an Islamic State in South Asia that would then be expanded into other regions as a possible caliphate. For this, they saw Jinnahs move and achievement simply as a stepping stone a moment in time from where the political leadership must fall into the hands of religious scholars and pious men who would kick start their campaign by Islamising the society from below through Islamic evangelism so society could be prepared to willingly accept Islamic laws imposed from above the state. Those on the right along with the moderate state completely ignored the dynamics of the cultures of the countrys various ethnic, religious, sectarian and sub sectarian communities that were contributing in the construction of Pakistans culture as a whole. Instead, they ended up offering a rather absolutist if not entirely nave idea of faith and culture in Pakistan emitting from a small upper middle class elite that was neither liberal nor entirely conservative. Such perceptions would begin to be challenged by the progressives in the 1. Their conclusion was that the Pakistani culture was a combination of cultures driven and energised by the individual cultures of the various Islamic sects and ethnic groups present here.