Kansas - Wikipedia. State of Kansas. Nickname(s): The Sunflower State (official); The Wheat State; The Free State[1]Motto(s): Ad astra per aspera (Latin for To the stars through difficulties)State song(s): "Home on the Range"Official language. English[2]Demonym.

Kansan. Capital. Topeka. Largest city. Wichita. Area. Ranked 1. 5th • Total.

Width. 41. 0[4] miles (6. Length. 21. 3[4] miles (3.

Latitude. 37° N to 4. N • Longitude. 94° 3. W to 1. 02° 3′ WPopulation. Ranked 3. 5th • Total.

Density. 35. 1/sq mi  (1. Ranked 4. 0th • Median household income$5.

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Elevation • Highest point. Mount Sunflower[8][9]4,0. Mean. 2,0. 00 ft  (6. Lowest point. Verdigris River at Oklahoma border[8][9]6.

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Before statehood. Kansas Territory.

Admission to Union. January 2. 9, 1. 86. Governor. Sam Brownback (R)Lieutenant Governor. Jeff Colyer (R)Legislature. Kansas Legislature • Upper house. Senate • Lower house.

House of Representatives. U. S. Senators. Pat Roberts (R)Jerry Moran (R)U. S. House delegation. Roger Marshall (R)Lynn Jenkins (R)Kevin Yoder (R)Ron Estes (R) (list)Time zones  • Primary. Central: UTC−6/−5 • Hamilton, Greeley, Wallace, and Sherman counties. Watch Kill Zone 2 HDQ here.

Mountain: UTC−7/−6. ISO 3. 16. 6US- KSAbbreviations. KS, Kan., Kans. Websitewww. Kansas ( listen) is a U. S. state in the Midwestern United States.[1. Its capital is Topeka and its largest city is Wichita.

Kansas is named after the Kansa Native American tribe, which inhabited the area.[1. The tribe's name (natively kką: ze) is often said to mean "people of the (south) wind" although this was probably not the term's original meaning.[1.

For thousands of years, what is now Kansas was home to numerous and diverse Native American tribes. Tribes in the eastern part of the state generally lived in villages along the river valleys. Tribes in the western part of the state were semi- nomadic and hunted large herds of bison. Kansas was first settled by European Americans in 1. Bonner Springs,[1. When it was officially opened to settlement by the U.

S. government in 1. Kansas–Nebraska Act, abolitionist Free- Staters from New England and pro- slavery settlers from neighboring Missouri rushed to the territory to determine whether Kansas would become a free state or a slave state. Thus, the area was a hotbed of violence and chaos in its early days as these forces collided, and was known as Bleeding Kansas. The abolitionists prevailed, and on January 2.

Kansas entered the Union as a free state. After the Civil War, the population of Kansas grew rapidly when waves of immigrants turned the prairie into farmland. By 2. 01. 5, Kansas was one of the most productive agricultural states, producing high yields of wheat, corn, sorghum, and soybeans.[1. Kansas, which has an area of 8. Residents of Kansas are called Kansans.

Mount Sunflower is Kansas' highest point at 4,0. History[edit]Samuel Seymour's 1. Kansa lodge and dance is the oldest drawing known to be done in Kansas. For a millennium, the land that is currently Kansas was inhabited by Native Americans. The first European to set foot in present- day Kansas was the Spanish conquistador. Francisco Vázquez de Coronado, who explored the area in 1.

In 1. 80. 3, most of modern Kansas was acquired by the United States as part of the Louisiana Purchase. Southwest Kansas, however, was still a part of Spain, Mexico, and the Republic of Texas until the conclusion of the Mexican–American War in 1.

United States. From 1. Kansas was part of the Missouri Territory. The Santa Fe Trail traversed Kansas from 1. Missouri and silver and furs from Santa Fe, New Mexico. Wagon ruts from the trail are still visible in the prairie today. In 1. 82. 7, Fort Leavenworth became the first permanent settlement of white Americans in the future state.

The Kansas–Nebraska Act became law on May 3. Nebraska Territory and Kansas Territory, and opening the area to broader settlement by whites. Kansas Territory stretched all the way to the Continental Divide and included the sites of present- day Denver, Colorado Springs, and Pueblo. Missouri and Arkansas sent settlers into Kansas all along its eastern border. These settlers attempted to sway votes in favor of slavery. The secondary settlement of Americans in Kansas Territory were abolitionists from Massachusetts and other Free- Staters, who attempted to stop the spread of slavery from neighboring Missouri.

Directly presaging the American Civil War, these forces collided, entering into skirmishes that earned the territory the name of Bleeding Kansas. Kansas was admitted to the Union as a free state on January 2. United States. By that time the violence in Kansas had largely subsided, but during the Civil War, on August 2. William Quantrill led several hundred men on a raid into Lawrence, destroying much of the city and killing nearly 2.

He was roundly condemned by both the conventional Confederate military and the partisan rangers commissioned by the Missouri legislature. His application to that body for a commission was flatly rejected due to his pre- war criminal record.[1. After the Civil War, many veterans constructed homesteads in Kansas. Many African Americans also looked to Kansas as the land of "John Brown" and, led by freedmen like Benjamin "Pap" Singleton, began establishing black colonies in the state.

Leaving southern states in the late 1. Exodusters. At the same time, the Chisholm Trail was opened and the Wild West- era commenced in Kansas. Wild Bill Hickok was a deputy marshal at Fort Riley and a marshal at Hays and Abilene. Dodge City was another wild cowboy town, and both Bat Masterson and Wyatt Earp worked as lawmen in the town.

In one year alone, eight million head of cattle from Texas boarded trains in Dodge City bound for the East, earning Dodge the nickname "Queen of the Cowtowns."In response to demands of Methodists and other evangelical Protestants, in 1. Kansas became the first U. S. state to adopt a constitutional amendment prohibiting all alcoholic beverages, which was only repealed in 1. Geography[edit]Kansas is bordered by Nebraska on the north; Missouri on the east; Oklahoma on the south; and Colorado on the west. The state is divided into 1. Pacific and Atlantic oceans.

The geographic center of the 4. Smith County near Lebanon.

Until 1. 98. 9, the Meades Ranch Triangulation Station in Osborne County was the geodetic center of North America: the central reference point for all maps of North America. The geographic center of Kansas is in Barton County. Geology[edit]Kansas is underlain by a sequence of horizontal to gently westward dippingsedimentary rocks.

A sequence of Mississippian, Pennsylvanian and Permian rocks outcrop in the eastern and southern part of the state. The state's western half has exposures of Cretaceous through Tertiary sediments, the latter derived from the erosion of the uplifted. Rocky Mountains to the west. These are underlain by older Paleozoic and Mesozoic sediments which correlate well with the outcrops to the east. The state's northeastern corner was subjected to glaciation in the Pleistocene and is covered by glacial drift and loess. Topography[edit]The western two- thirds of the state, lying in the great central plain of the United States, has a generally flat or undulating surface, while the eastern third has many hills and forests.

The land gradually rises from east to west; its altitude ranges from 6. Verdigris River at Coffeyville in Montgomery County, to 4,0. Mount Sunflower, 0. Colorado border, in Wallace County. It is a popular belief that Kansas is the flattest state in the nation, reinforced by a well known 2. Kansas was indeed "flatter than a pancake".[2.

This has since been called into question, with most scientists ranking Kansas between the 2. Its average elevation is 2,0. Nearly 7. 5 mi (1. Missouri River. The Kansas River (locally known as the Kaw), formed by the junction of the Smoky Hill and Republican rivers at appropriately- named Junction City, joins the Missouri River at Kansas City, after a course of 1.