NOVA - Official Website Inside Einstein's Mind. Inside Einstein's Mind. PBS Airdate: November 2.

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NARRATOR: It's a mysterious force that shapes our universe. It feels familiar, but it's far stranger than anyone ever imagined. And yet, one man's brilliant mind tamed it: gravity. Using simple thought experiments, Albert Einstein made an astonishing discovery: time and space are shaped by matter. CLIFFORD JOHNSON (University of Southern California): You get rid of this force of gravity, and, instead, we have curvature of space- time. JANNA LEVIN (Columbia University): Right now, the space around me is being squeezed and stretched.

NARRATOR: He called it the "General Theory of Relativity." How did one person, working almost entirely alone, change everything we thought we knew about the universe? DAVID KAISER (Massachusetts Institute of Technology): Einstein is toiling as the world seems to fall apart.

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ROBBERT DIJKGRAAF (Institute for Advanced Study): He was able, with pure thought, to solve the riddle of the Universe. NARRATOR: Inside Einstein's Mind, right now, on NOVA. Gravity: the most familiar yet most mysterious of nature's forces. One hundred years ago, Albert Einstein made a mind- blowing discovery: what we feel as gravity is, in fact, the push and pull of space and time, itself. He called his idea "general relativity." It is perhaps the most remarkable feat of thinking about nature to come from a single mind.

CLIFFORD JOHNSON: General relativity is undoubtedly one of the greatest scientific theories ever conceived. It's a theory of space, time and gravity.

JANNA LEVIN: One mathematical sentence, and from it, you can derive the understanding of the entire universe on the largest scale, and that is beautiful. Watch The New World Online Free HD. NARRATOR: Only now, a century after it was first proposed, do we have the technology to explore the extremes of Einstein's great theory: supermassive black holes at the center of galaxies, waves of gravity that distort space and time, the evolution of our entire universe. How did a concept that explains so much come from the mind of one man? JOHN NORTON (University of Pittsburgh): Einstein had a magical talent. He could take a hard physical problem and boil it down to a powerful visual image, a thought experiment. SEAN CARROLL (California Institute of Technology): Suddenly, he realizes this is how the world works; all this abstract nonsense is the correct theory of reality. NARRATOR: To gain an insight into Einstein's mind and the true wonder of general relativity, we need to trace the crucial thought experiments that led to his great breakthrough.

The seeds for his ideas were planted when he was just a child. Einstein grew up in a small house in Munich, in Southern Germany. His unique personality was evident early on.

WALTER ISAACSON (Biographer): Like many great innovators, Einstein was a rebel, a loner, but deeply curious. He was slow in learning to speak as a child, so slow that his parents consulted a doctor, but he later said that that's maybe why he thought in visual thought experiments.

His sister remembers him building little card towers, using playing cards. He was a daydreamer, but he was deeply persistent.

NARRATOR: Einstein's father, Hermann, manufactured electrical equipment. He nurtured his son's interest in science. On one occasion he brought him a compass. WALTER ISAACSON: Now, you and I maybe remember getting a compass when we were kids, and we're like, "Oh, look, the needle twitches and points north." But, you know, then we're on to something else, like, "Oh, look, there's a dead squirrel." But for Einstein, after getting that compass, he developed a lifelong devotion to understanding how things can be forced to move even though nothing's touching them.

NARRATOR: The young Einstein became gripped by a desire to understand the underlying laws of nature. He developed a unique way of thinking about the physical world, inspired by his favorite book. WALTER ISAACSON: The book Einstein loved told little stories, like what'd be like to travel through space or go through an electrical wire, and it made Einstein think visually.

NARRATOR: These imagined situations that we often call "thought experiments," became a defining feature of Einstein's thinking. DAVID KAISER: One of the critical thought experiments that Einstein began to play with, very young, around the age of 1. It's one thing to see, to imagine a light wave zooming past him, at some seemingly impossible speed, but what if he could somehow just propel himself, really quickly. What would it look like if he could catch up with that light wave? What would he see?

WALTER ISAACSON: He said it caused him to walk around in such anxiety his palms would sweat. Now, you and I may remember what was causing our palms to sweat at age 1. But that's why he's Einstein. NARRATOR: This dream- like thought about the nature of light was Einstein's first step on the path to his great theory. It stayed with him, throughout his time at school and college.

DAVID KAISER: He was extremely gifted in science and math, as a young person, and very bad at other classes, mostly cause he kept cutting class and being very rude to his teachers. Many teachers from when..

He was a discipline problem, and he was bad news. WALTER ISAACSON: He applies to the second best university in Zurich, the Zurich Polytech, and gets rejected,—I'd love to meet the Admissions Director who rejected Albert Einstein—but eventually he gets in. Kuchh Is Tara Episode 8. And he does moderately well, but not good enough to get a teaching fellowship. And so he ends up at the Bern Swiss Patent Office, as a third class examiner. NARRATOR: Undaunted by his university results, Einstein started work at the patent office in 1. Here, his job was to assess the originality of new devices. DAVID KAISER: He was immersed in the kinds of, of, sort of, technical details that he'd been fascinated by as a very young kid.

And here he was, sitting in the kind of wave of, of, of the modern age. This was the era of electrification, so all the latest clever ideas for switching technology, for coordinating clocks, in particular, those were all passing through his office. NARRATOR: Time zones had recently been introduced in central Europe, and accurately synchronizing clocks was a major challenge of the day. Switzerland was a world leader in time technology.

Dozens of patents to link clocks passed through Einstein's office. WALTER ISAACSON: He could whip through these patent applications, and then, out of his drawer, he'd pull his physics notes. And his boss was very indulgent and would, sort of, turn a blind eye, as Einstein was doing his theories in his spare time. SIMON SCHAFFER (University of Cambridge): It's really important to remember that theoretical physics was new when Einstein was a young man. You could do quite a lot of this work by reading a relatively small number of science journals and making the calculations yourself. Einstein's world, in 1.

One was about 2. 00 years old, and it was founded by Isaac Newton, a British natural philosopher. For Newton, all there is in the world is matter, moving. NARRATOR: Newton showed that the motion of falling apples and orbiting planets are governed by the same force: gravity. His equations are so effective, we still use them today to send probes to the farthest reaches of the solar system. The other important theory of Einstein's day covered electricity and magnetism. That branch of physics had been revolutionized, in 1.

Scottish physicist James Clerk Maxwell. Maxwell's theory describes light as an electromagnetic wave that travels at a fixed speed. In Newton's world, the speed of light is not fixed. SIMON SCHAFFER: Einstein can see that there's a contradiction between Newton and Maxwell. They just don't fit together. And one of the things Einstein hated, hated was contradiction. Here Comes The Boom Full Movie Online Free.

If there's one kind of physics that says this and another kind of physics that says that and they're different, that's a sign that something's gone wrong, and it needs fixing.